Oman

Muscat is the capital of Oman—the seat of the sultan, government ministries, and the country’s largest metropolitan area. Set on the Gulf of Oman, its natural harbors (Muttrah) made it a key port controlling approaches to the Strait of Hormuz; its skyline mixes Portuguese-era forts Al Jalali and Al Mirani with modern boulevards. To remember it, note that Oman was once officially called “Muscat and Oman,” tying the capital to the country’s name. The other options are notable Omani cities but not the capital: Salalah is the monsoon-kissed southern city in Dhofar; Nizwa was a historic inland capital famed for its round fort; Sohar is a historic trading port, sometimes linked to the Sinbad legends. When in doubt: Muscat must-capital.