Chad

N’Djamena is the capital of Chad. While “Ndjamena” appears in some texts, the official spelling includes the apostrophe. The other choices are nearby capitals: Brazzaville is in the Republic of the Congo, and Yaoundé is in Cameroon. Founded as Fort-Lamy in 1900 under French rule, the city was renamed N’Djamena in 1973 to reflect local heritage (from an Arabic phrase meaning “place of rest”). It sits on the Chari River near its confluence with the Logone, directly across from Kousséri in Cameroon, making it a key Sahelian crossroads. Memory tip: Think “N’D” for “Near (N’) Cameroon, on the Djamena (Chari) river”—the only option with an apostrophe matches Chad’s capital.